Hortatory exposition adalah salah satu jenis teks yang sering muncul dalam ujian bahasa Inggris kelas 12. Memahami struktur dan pola soalnya sangat penting untuk mendapat nilai maksimal. Artikel ini akan memberikan kamu contoh soal hortatory exposition kelas 12 dan pembahasan lengkap untuk persiapan ujian.

Perbedaan Hortatory dan Analytical Exposition

Sebelum masuk ke soal, penting memahami perbedaan dua jenis teks ini karena sering membingungkan:

Analytical Exposition:

Tujuan: Meyakinkan pembaca bahwa sesuatu itu benar/penting
Struktur: Thesis, Arguments, Reiteration

Hortatory Exposition:

Tujuan: Meyakinkan pembaca DAN mendorong tindakan
Struktur: Thesis, Arguments, Recommendation

Menurut Cambridge English Assessment (2024), ciri khas hortatory exposition adalah penggunaan modal verbs seperti “should,” “must,” “ought to” dan bagian recommendation yang spesifik.

Text 1: Stop Smoking Campaign

Read the following text and answer questions 1-5.

Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide, killing over 8 million people annually. Despite this alarming statistic, millions continue smoking, and tobacco companies target young people with aggressive marketing. We must take immediate action to reduce smoking rates and save lives.

Firstly, smoking causes devastating health consequences. It increases risks of lung cancer, heart disease, stroke, and respiratory illnesses. The World Health Organization reports that smokers lose an average of 10 years of life expectancy. Secondly, secondhand smoke harms non-smokers, especially children and pregnant women. Thirdly, smoking creates enormous economic burdens through healthcare costs and lost productivity.

Therefore, governments must implement several critical measures immediately. First, ban all tobacco advertising and sponsorship. Second, increase cigarette taxes significantly to make smoking unaffordable. Third, require graphic health warnings covering 75% of packaging. Fourth, provide free smoking cessation programs for all citizens. Fifth, ban smoking in all public spaces without exception. These actions will save millions of lives and reduce healthcare costs dramatically.

Questions:

1. What type of text is this? A. Narrative text B. Descriptive text C. Analytical exposition D. Hortatory exposition E. Explanation text

Jawaban: D Pembahasan: Teks ini adalah hortatory exposition karena tidak hanya meyakinkan pembaca bahwa smoking itu buruk, tetapi juga memberikan recommendation spesifik tentang tindakan yang harus diambil (ban advertising, increase taxes, dll).

2. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To describe smoking effects B. To explain how people smoke C. To entertain readers about smoking D. To persuade readers to take action against smoking E. To tell a story about smokers

Jawaban: D Pembahasan: Tujuan utama hortatory exposition adalah to persuade readers to take action. Teks ini tidak hanya menjelaskan masalah tapi mendorong action konkret.

3. How many recommendations does the author provide? A. Two recommendations B. Three recommendations C. Four recommendations D. Five recommendations E. Six recommendations

Jawaban: D Pembahasan: Paragraf recommendation menyebutkan lima tindakan: (1) ban advertising, (2) increase taxes, (3) graphic warnings, (4) free cessation programs, (5) ban in public spaces.

4. Which modal verb is most commonly used in recommendation sections? A. Can B. May C. Must D. Might E. Could

Jawaban: C Pembahasan: “Must” adalah modal verb yang paling sering digunakan dalam recommendation karena menunjukkan urgency dan obligation yang kuat.

5. The phrase “preventable death” in paragraph 1 means… A. Death that cannot be avoided B. Death that can be prevented or avoided C. Natural death D. Sudden death E. Accidental death

Jawaban: B Pembahasan: “Preventable” artinya dapat dicegah atau dihindari. Smoking-related deaths bisa dicegah jika orang berhenti merokok.

Text 2: Plastic Waste Crisis

Read the text and answer questions 6-10.

Plastic pollution has reached crisis levels, with 8 million tons entering our oceans annually. This environmental catastrophe threatens marine life, contaminates our food chain, and will persist for centuries. We can no longer ignore this problem and must take decisive action now.

Plastic waste kills over 100,000 marine animals yearly through ingestion and entanglement. Microplastics have infiltrated our drinking water and seafood, posing unknown health risks to humans. Furthermore, plastic production contributes significantly to climate change through fossil fuel consumption. The evidence is overwhelming that plastic pollution endangers both environmental and human health.

Citizens and governments must act immediately on multiple fronts. Individuals should eliminate single-use plastics from their lives by carrying reusable bags, bottles, and containers. Refuse plastic straws and unnecessary packaging at stores. Support businesses committed to sustainability while boycotting companies using excessive plastic. Governments must ban single-use plastic products, implement extended producer responsibility programs, and invest heavily in recycling infrastructure. Time is running out, act today.

Questions:

6. Where is the thesis statement located? A. First sentence of paragraph 1 B. Last sentence of paragraph 1 C. First sentence of paragraph 2 D. Last sentence of paragraph 2 E. First sentence of paragraph 3

Jawaban: B Pembahasan: Thesis statement biasanya di akhir paragraf pembuka: “We can no longer ignore this problem and must take decisive action now.”

7. Who does the author say must take action? A. Only governments B. Only individuals C. Only businesses D. Both individuals and governments E. Only environmental organizations

Jawaban: D Pembahasan: Paragraf recommendation jelas menyebutkan “Citizens and governments must act” dan memberikan tindakan untuk kedua pihak.

8. What distinguishes this text as hortatory rather than analytical exposition? A. It discusses environmental problems B. It uses formal language C. It provides specific recommendations for action D. It has three paragraphs E. It uses statistics

Jawaban: C Pembahasan: Ciri khas hortatory exposition adalah recommendation section dengan specific actions yang harus diambil.

9. The word “decisive” in paragraph 1 most closely means… A. Uncertain B. Weak C. Firm and determined D. Slow E. Optional

Jawaban: C Pembahasan: “Decisive” berarti firm and determined, menunjukkan tindakan yang tegas dan tidak ragu-ragu.

10. What evidence does the author provide about plastic harm? A. Personal opinions only B. Statistics about marine animal deaths and pollution levels C. Historical facts D. Future predictions only E. No evidence provided

Jawaban: B Pembahasan: Teks memberikan data konkret: “8 million tons entering oceans” dan “kills over 100,000 marine animals yearly.”

Text 3: Digital Literacy Education

Read the text and answer questions 11-15.

In our increasingly digital world, students graduate without essential technology skills, leaving them unprepared for modern careers and vulnerable to online threats. Schools must prioritize digital literacy education as a core subject, not an optional add-on.

Digital literacy encompasses far more than basic computer skills. Students need to evaluate online information critically, protect their privacy and security, understand digital citizenship, and use technology ethically. Research from the International Society for Technology in Education shows that 68% of jobs now require digital skills, yet only 45% of graduates possess adequate competencies. This skills gap disadvantages our youth in competitive job markets.

Educational systems must implement comprehensive digital literacy programs immediately. Schools should integrate digital literacy across all subjects, not isolate it in computer classes. Train all teachers in digital pedagogy and provide ongoing professional development. Establish partnerships with tech companies to access resources and expertise. Require digital literacy for graduation, ensuring every student leaves school prepared for digital citizenship and careers. Most importantly, start digital literacy education in elementary school when students first encounter technology. Our children’s futures depend on action today.

Questions:

11. What is the main recommendation of this text? A. Ban technology in schools B. Make digital literacy optional C. Implement comprehensive digital literacy programs D. Reduce technology use E. Focus only on computer skills

Jawaban: C Pembahasan: Main recommendation ada di paragraf 3: “implement comprehensive digital literacy programs immediately.”

12. According to the text, what percentage of jobs require digital skills? A. 45% B. 50% C. 60% D. 68% E. 75%

Jawaban: D Pembahasan: Teks menyatakan “68% of jobs now require digital skills.”

13. The text structure follows which pattern? A. Problem-solution B. Cause-effect C. Thesis-arguments-recommendation D. Chronological E. Comparison-contrast

Jawaban: C Pembahasan: Struktur hortatory exposition standar: thesis (para 1), arguments (para 2), recommendation (para 3).

14. What tone does the author use? A. Humorous and light B. Neutral and objective C. Urgent and persuasive D. Angry and aggressive E. Sad and depressing

Jawaban: C Pembahasan: Penggunaan “must,” “immediately,” dan “our children’s futures depend on action today” menunjukkan urgent and persuasive tone.

15. Which statement is NOT mentioned as part of digital literacy? A. Evaluating online information B. Protecting privacy C. Understanding digital citizenship D. Learning programming languages E. Using technology ethically

Jawaban: D Pembahasan: Programming languages tidak disebutkan. Yang disebutkan adalah: evaluate information, protect privacy, digital citizenship, dan ethical use.

Kesimpulan

Menguasai soal hortatory exposition kelas 12 memerlukan pemahaman mendalam tentang struktur, purpose, dan ciri khas jenis teks ini. Dengan mempelajari contoh soal hortatory exposition kelas 12 dan pembahasan di atas, kamu bisa:

Membedakan hortatory dari analytical exposition dengan cepat
Mengidentifikasi thesis, arguments, dan recommendation
Memahami purpose dan tone yang digunakan
Menjawab berbagai pola soal dengan akurat

Kunci sukses adalah latihan konsisten dengan berbagai topik hortatory exposition. Pahami bahwa recommendation section adalah yang membedakan hortatory dari jenis teks lain.

Focus pada understanding struktur dan critical thinking, bukan hanya menghafal pola. Skill ini berguna tidak hanya untuk ujian tapi juga untuk membaca dan menulis persuasive texts dalam kehidupan nyata.

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