Rumus Lengkap 16 Tenses Bahasa Inggris + Contoh Kalimat Praktis

Tenses dalam Bahasa Inggris kadang bisa terasa ribet, apalagi kalau kamu baru mulai belajar. Mimin paham banget, karena banyak Goldeners juga yang bilang bingung bedain antara past perfect dan past perfect continuous, atau suka ketukar antara present simple dan present continuous.

Padahal tenses itu fondasi penting banget. Kalau kamu ngerti rumus 16 tenses Bahasa Inggris, dijamin struktur kalimatmu bakal jauh lebih rapi dan tepat. Dan kabar baiknya, rumusnya nggak sesulit kelihatannya kok. Asal kamu paham pola dasarnya, sisanya tinggal latihan dan latihan.

Nah, di artikel ini, mimin bakal bantu kamu pahami kumpulan rumus tenses Bahasa Inggris lengkap beserta contoh kalimat praktis yang bisa kamu pelajari langsung.

1. Simple Present Tense

Rumus:

(+) Subject + V1 (s/es)

(-) Subject + do/does + not + V1

(?) Do/Does + subject + V1?

Contoh Kalimat:

1. She reads every morning.
2. I don’t like coffee.
3. Does he play football?

Tenses ini sering dipakai untuk kegiatan rutin atau fakta umum. Jadi kalau kamu cerita soal kebiasaan, pakainya yang ini.

2. Present Continuous Tense

Rumus:

(+) Subject + am/is/are + V-ing

(-) Subject + am/is/are + not + V-ing

(?) Am/Is/Are + subject + V-ing?

Contoh Kalimat:

1. I am studying English.
2. They are not working now.
3. Are you watching TV?

Digunakan saat kamu membicarakan aktivitas yang sedang berlangsung sekarang. Kata kuncinya: “sekarang” atau “sedang”.

3. Present Perfect Tense

Rumus:

(+) Subject + have/has + V3

(-) Subject + have/has + not + V3

(?) Have/Has + subject + V3?

Contoh Kalimat:

1. We have finished the task.
2. She hasn’t eaten yet.
3. Have you visited Bali?

Dipakai untuk menyatakan tindakan yang sudah selesai, tapi masih relevan dengan waktu sekarang.

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Rumus:

(+) Subject + have/has + been + V-ing

(-) Subject + have/has + not + been + V-ing

(?) Have/Has + subject + been + V-ing?

Contoh Kalimat:

1. I have been reading for 2 hours.
2. They haven’t been working lately.
3. Has she been studying?

Biasanya dipakai untuk menekankan lamanya suatu kegiatan berlangsung sampai sekarang.

5. Simple Past Tense

Rumus:

(+) Subject + V2

(-) Subject + did + not + V1

(?) Did + subject + V1?

Contoh Kalimat:

1. He went to school yesterday.
2. I didn’t see her last night.
3. Did you call him?

Pakai tenses ini untuk cerita soal kejadian di masa lalu yang udah selesai.

Baca Juga: Cara Mudah Belajar Grammar Bahasa Inggris dari Nol

6. Past Continuous Tense

Rumus:

(+) Subject + was/were + V-ing

(-) Subject + was/were + not + V-ing

(?) Was/Were + subject + V-ing?

Contoh Kalimat:

1. I was watching a movie.
2. They weren’t sleeping.
3. Were you waiting for me?

Biasanya dipakai buat menggambarkan aksi yang lagi terjadi di waktu tertentu di masa lalu.

7. Past Perfect Tense

Rumus:

(+) Subject + had + V3

(-) Subject + had + not + V3

(?) Had + subject + V3?

Contoh Kalimat:

1. She had finished her work.
2. We hadn’t eaten yet.
3. Had they left?

Kamu pakai ini buat nyeritain sesuatu yang terjadi sebelum aksi lain di masa lalu.

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Rumus:

(+) Subject + had + been + V-ing

(-) Subject + had + not + been + V-ing

(?) Had + subject + been + V-ing?

Contoh Kalimat:

1. I had been waiting for an hour.
2. They hadn’t been talking.
3. Had you been sleeping?

Fungsinya hampir sama kayak present perfect continuous, tapi waktunya di masa lampau.

9. Simple Future Tense

Rumus:

(+) Subject + will + V1

(-) Subject + will + not + V1

(?) Will + subject + V1?

Contoh Kalimat:

1. He will come tomorrow.
2. I won’t forget it.
3. Will they join us?

Tenses ini dipakai buat menyatakan rencana atau prediksi di masa depan.

10. Future Continuous Tense

Rumus:

(+) Subject + will be + V-ing

(-) Subject + will not be + V-ing

(?) Will + subject + be + V-ing?

Contoh Kalimat:

1. She will be traveling next week.
2. I won’t be working at 9 PM.
3. Will you be staying here?

Menjelaskan aksi yang akan sedang terjadi di waktu tertentu di masa depan.

11. Future Perfect Tense

Rumus:

(+) Subject + will have + V3

(-) Subject + will not have + V3

(?) Will + subject + have + V3?

Contoh Kalimat:

1. They will have finished it by Friday.
2. I won’t have graduated yet.
3. Will she have arrived?

Digunakan saat kamu mau ngomongin aksi yang bakal selesai sebelum titik waktu tertentu di masa depan.

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Rumus:

(+) Subject + will have been + V-ing

(-) Subject + will not have been + V-ing

(?) Will + subject + have been + V-ing?

Contoh Kalimat:

1. He will have been working for 5 hours.
2. I won’t have been staying there long.
3. Will they have been waiting?

Tenses ini emang agak jarang dipakai, tapi tetap penting buat kamu tahu, apalagi kalau mau ambil TOEFL.

13. Future Tense “Going to”

Rumus:

(+) Subject + am/is/are + going to + V1

(-) Subject + am/is/are + not + going to + V1

(?) Am/Is/Are + subject + going to + V1?

Contoh Kalimat:

1. I am going to visit grandma.
2. He isn’t going to attend the class.
3. Are you going to travel?

Biasanya dipakai untuk rencana masa depan yang udah pasti.

14. Present Future Tense

Rumus:

(+) Subject + would + V1

(-) Subject + would not + V1

(?) Would + subject + V1?

Contoh Kalimat:

1. I would go if I had time.
2. She wouldn’t do that.
3. Would you help me?

Dipakai buat conditional sentence atau kalimat pengandaian.

15. Present Future Continuous Tense

Rumus:

(+) Subject + would be + V-ing

(-) Subject + would not be + V-ing

(?) Would + subject + be + V-ing?

Contoh Kalimat:

1. I would be sleeping if it rained.
2. He wouldn’t be studying now
3. Would they be playing?

16. Present Future Perfect Tense

Rumus:

(+) Subject + would have + V3

(-) Subject + would not have + V3

(?) Would + subject + have + V3?

Contoh Kalimat:

1. I would have passed the exam
2. They wouldn’t have arrived yet.
3. Would she have known?

Baca Juga: 7 Kesalahan Grammar Bahasa Inggris yang Sering Dilakukan Pemula

Belajar rumus 16 tenses bahasa Inggris bukan cuma soal hafalan. Tapi soal pemahaman pola dan sering latihan. Kalau kamu cuma baca tanpa praktik, dijamin deh bakal cepet lupa. Tapi kalau kamu rajin nulis dan ngomong pake tenses yang tepat, grammar kamu bakal jauh lebih kuat.

Kalau kamu masih bingung atau pengen belajar lebih terstruktur, mimin sangat sarankan ikut program Kursus Bahasa Inggris Privat Online. Di sana kamu bisa belajar tenses bareng tutor yang sabar dan ngerti kebutuhan kamu, terutama kalau kamu juga lagi persiapan TOEFL atau IELTS.

Yuk, gabung sama kita sekarang!