Descriptive text adalah jenis teks yang menggambarkan seseorang, tempat, atau benda secara detail. Untuk siswa kelas 10 SMA, memahami descriptive text penting untuk mengembangkan kemampuan reading dan writing. Artikel ini menyediakan 15 contoh soal descriptive text kelas 10 pilihan ganda dan jawaban lengkap dengan pembahasan.
Jenis-jenis Descriptive Text
| Jenis | Penjelasan | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| Describing People | Mendeskripsikan orang | My mother, My best friend |
| Describing Places | Mendeskripsikan tempat | My bedroom, Borobudur Temple |
| Describing Animals | Mendeskripsikan hewan | My pet dog, A specific tiger |
| Describing Things | Mendeskripsikan benda | My favorite gadget, A watch |
15 Contoh Soal Pilihan Ganda
Text 1: Borobudur Temple
Read the text below to answer questions 1-5.
Borobudur Temple
Borobudur Temple is one of the most magnificent Buddhist monuments in the world. It is located in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia, about 40 kilometers northwest of Yogyakarta. The temple was built in the 9th century during the reign of the Sailendra Dynasty.
Borobudur is constructed in the form of a massive mandala, symbolizing the Buddhist cosmology. The structure consists of nine stacked platforms: six square platforms topped by three circular platforms. It is decorated with 2,672 relief panels and 504 Buddha statues. The central dome is surrounded by 72 Buddha statues, each seated inside a perforated stupa.
The temple is built from approximately 2 million cubic feet of grey volcanic stone. The entire structure stands 35 meters tall and measures 123 meters on each side at the base. The relief panels on the walls depict various scenes from Buddhist scriptures and daily life in ancient Java.
The architectural design of Borobudur represents the Buddhist concept of the universe. The base represents the world of desires, the middle platforms represent the world of forms, and the circular platforms and central dome represent the formless world or nirvana.
Borobudur was abandoned in the 14th century following the decline of Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms in Java. It was rediscovered in 1814 by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles. Today, Borobudur is not only a religious site but also a popular tourist destination. It was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1991.
Question 1: What is the purpose of the text?
a. To retell the history of Borobudur
b. To describe Borobudur Temple in detail
c. To persuade people to visit Borobudur
d. To explain how Borobudur was built
e. To give general information about Buddhist temples
Answer: b. To describe Borobudur Temple in detail Pembahasan: Tujuan descriptive text adalah mendeskripsikan objek spesifik, dalam hal ini Candi Borobudur.
Question 2: Where is Borobudur Temple located?
a. In Yogyakarta
b. In Jakarta
c. In Magelang, Central Java
d. In Bali
e. In East Java
Answer: c. In Magelang, Central Java Pembahasan: “It is located in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia.”
Question 3: How many Buddha statues are there in total at Borobudur?
a. 72 statues
b. 504 statues
c. 2,672 statues
d. 576 statues
e. The text doesn’t mention it
Answer: d. 576 statues Pembahasan: 504 statues + 72 statues inside perforated stupas = 576 total.
Question 4: What does the circular platform of Borobudur represent?
a. The world of desires
b. The world of forms
c. The formless world or nirvana
d. Daily life in ancient Java
e. Buddhist cosmology
Answer: c. The formless world or nirvana Pembahasan: “…the circular platforms and central dome represent the formless world or nirvana.”
Question 5: When was Borobudur designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
a. In 1814
b. In the 9th century
c. In the 14th century
d. In 1991 e. In 2000
Answer: d. In 1991 Pembahasan: “It was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1991.”
Text 2: My Best Friend
Read the text below to answer questions 6-10.
My Best Friend
I would like to tell you about my best friend, Sarah. I have known her since we were in elementary school, and we have been inseparable ever since.
Sarah is a beautiful girl with a warm personality. She has long, wavy brown hair that falls gracefully to her shoulders. Her eyes are hazel, and they sparkle when she smiles. She is of average height, about 165 centimeters tall, with a slender build. Sarah has a fair complexion and a few freckles scattered across her nose, which makes her look even more charming.
What I admire most about Sarah is her personality. She is incredibly kind and always thinks of others before herself. Whenever someone is in trouble, Sarah is the first person to offer help. She has a great sense of humor and can make anyone laugh, even in the most difficult situations. Despite her popularity, Sarah remains humble and down-to-earth.
Sarah is also very talented. She plays the piano beautifully and has won several competitions. She is also an excellent student who consistently gets top grades in our class. However, she never brags about her achievements. Instead, she often helps her classmates who are struggling with their studies.
In her free time, Sarah loves reading novels and painting. Her room is filled with beautiful paintings she has created. She dreams of becoming an artist someday, and I am confident she will achieve her goal because she is determined and hardworking.
I feel blessed to have Sarah as my best friend. She has been there for me through good times and bad times. I know I can always count on her, and I hope our friendship will last forever.
Question 6: What is the text mainly about?
a. The writer’s hobby
b. The writer’s best friend
c. Sarah’s achievements
d. How to be a good friend
e. Sarah’s family
Answer: b. The writer’s best friend Pembahasan: Teks mendeskripsikan sahabat penulis bernama Sarah.
Question 7: What color are Sarah’s eyes?
a. Blue
b. Brown
c. Hazel
d. Green
e. Black
Answer: c. Hazel Pembahasan: “Her eyes are hazel.”
Question 8: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as Sarah’s characteristic?
a. Kind
b. Humble
c. Humorous
d. Arrogant
e. Talented
Answer: d. Arrogant Pembahasan: Teks menyebutkan Sarah is humble (rendah hati), bukan arrogant (sombong).
Question 9: What are Sarah’s hobbies?
a. Playing piano and singing
b. Reading novels and painting
c. Cooking and dancing
d. Swimming and running
e. Playing games and watching movies
Answer: b. Reading novels and painting Pembahasan: “Sarah loves reading novels and painting.”
Question 10: What is Sarah’s dream?
a. To be a teacher
b. To be a musician
c. To be an artist
d. To be a writer
e. To be a doctor
Answer: c. To be an artist Pembahasan: “She dreams of becoming an artist someday.”
Text 3: The Eiffel Tower
Read the text below to answer questions 11-15.
The Eiffel Tower
The Eiffel Tower is one of the most iconic landmarks in the world. Located in Paris, France, on the Champ de Mars, it has become a global symbol of France and one of the most visited monuments in the world.
The tower was designed by engineer Gustave Eiffel and completed in 1889 for the Exposition Universelle (World’s Fair) held to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the French Revolution. Initially, the tower was criticized by some of Paris’s leading artists and intellectuals for its design, but it has since become beloved worldwide.
Standing at 330 meters tall, the Eiffel Tower was the tallest man-made structure in the world until the Chrysler Building was built in New York in 1930. The tower is constructed from iron and weighs approximately 10,000 tons. It consists of three levels accessible to visitors. The first and second levels house restaurants, while the third level is an observation deck offering spectacular panoramic views of Paris.
The structure is painted in three shades of brown, with the darkest shade at the bottom and the lightest at the top. This painting technique creates an optical illusion that makes the tower appear even taller. The entire structure needs to be repainted every seven years to protect it from rust.
At night, the Eiffel Tower is illuminated with thousands of golden lights, creating a magical spectacle. Every hour on the hour, the tower sparkles for five minutes, delighting tourists and locals alike. This light show has become one of the most photographed events in Paris.
The Eiffel Tower receives approximately 7 million visitors each year, making it one of the most visited paid monuments in the world. It has become not just a symbol of Paris but also a symbol of romance, engineering achievement, and artistic beauty.
Question 11: What is the text about? a. The history of Paris b. French architecture c. The Eiffel Tower d. Tourist attractions in France e. Gustave Eiffel’s biography
Answer: c. The Eiffel Tower Pembahasan: Teks mendeskripsikan Menara Eiffel secara detail.
Question 12: When was the Eiffel Tower completed?
a. In 1889
b. In 1930
c. In 1789
d. In 1900
e. In 1850
Answer: a. In 1889 Pembahasan: “The tower was designed by engineer Gustave Eiffel and completed in 1889.”
Question 13: How tall is the Eiffel Tower?
a. 300 meters
b. 320 meters
c. 330 meters
d. 350 meters
e. 400 meters
Answer: c. 330 meters Pembahasan: “Standing at 330 meters tall.”
Question 14: How often does the Eiffel Tower need to be repainted?
a. Every year
b. Every three years
c. Every five years
d. Every seven years
e. Every ten years
Answer: d. Every seven years Pembahasan: “The entire structure needs to be repainted every seven years.”
Question 15: What happens every hour at night at the Eiffel Tower?
a. It changes color
b. It sparkles for five minutes
c. It closes to visitors
d. Music is played
e. Fireworks are displayed
Answer: b. It sparkles for five minutes Pembahasan: “Every hour on the hour, the tower sparkles for five minutes.”
Ciri Kebahasaan Descriptive Text
1. Simple Present Tense
- The tower is located in Paris
- Sarah has long hair
- Borobudur consists of nine platforms
Baca Juga: Penggunaan Simple Present Tense dalam Bahasa Inggris
2. Adjectives
- Beautiful, magnificent, tall, charming
- Wavy, slender, fair, graceful
- Golden, spectacular, magical
3. Linking Verbs
- Is, are, has, have, looks, seems
4. Detailed Descriptions
- Very specific measurements, colors, sizes
- Sensory details
5. Specific Nouns
- Borobudur Temple (not temples in general)
- The Eiffel Tower (not towers in general)
- Sarah (not friends in general)
Perbedaan Descriptive dan Report Text
| Aspek | Descriptive Text | Report Text |
|---|---|---|
| Objek | Spesifik | Umum |
| Contoh | My cat | Cats (in general) |
| Tujuan | Mendeskripsikan yang spesifik | Memberikan info umum |
| Bahasa | Personal, subjektif | Ilmiah, objektif |
Vocabulary Penting
Describing People
Physical: tall, short, slim, fat, handsome, beautiful, fair, dark
Personality: kind, friendly, generous, humorous, intelligent, creative
Describing Places
Size: large, small, spacious, tiny, enormous
Condition: clean, dirty, tidy, messy, well-maintained
Describing Things
Material: wooden, metal, plastic, glass, stone
Quality: expensive, cheap, durable, fragile, modern
Kesalahan Umum
1. Mencampur Descriptive dengan Report
Descriptive = specific object, Report = general category.
2. Menggunakan Past Tense
Descriptive text menggunakan present tense, bukan past.
3. Tidak Fokus pada Detail
Descriptive text harus detail dan spesifik.
4. Terlalu Umum
“The building is nice” terlalu umum. Lebih baik: “The building is a magnificent 10-story structure with Gothic architecture.”
Kesimpulan
Soal descriptive text kelas 10 pilihan ganda menguji kemampuan memahami deskripsi detail tentang objek spesifik. Untuk sukses:
- Pahami struktur: Identification dan Description
- Fokus pada detail fisik dan karakteristik
- Kenali adjective dan linking verbs
- Bedakan descriptive (specific) dari report (general)
- Perhatikan measurements dan specific details
Dengan 15 soal dari tiga teks berbeda (tempat, orang, bangunan), siswa memiliki fondasi yang baik untuk menghadapi ujian.
Ingin meningkatkan kemampuan reading dan writing descriptive text? Bergabunglah dengan kursus bahasa inggris privat online dan dapatkan bimbingan komprehensif dari tutor profesional!
